FastAPI is a modern, high-performance web framework for Python that's specifically designed for building APIs. It is based on Python 3.6+, and built using Starlette (for the web parts) and Pydantic (for data validation and serialization).

Key Features of FastAPI:

✅ Fast – One of the fastest Python frameworks available, with performance close to Node.js and Go (thanks to uvicorn and Starlette).

✅ Automatic Documentation – Generates interactive API docs automatically using Swagger UI and ReDoc.

✅ Type Safety – Leverages Python type hints to validate inputs and generate documentation automatically.

✅ Asynchronous Support – Full support for async/await, making it great for I/O-heavy tasks like database access or API calls.

✅ Easy to Use – Simple to learn and use, especially for developers familiar with Python and type annotations.

Simple Example:

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}

If you run this (e.g., with uvicorn main:app --reload), it starts a web server and gives you automatic interactive docs at http://localhost:8000/docs.

Common Use Cases:

• RESTful APIs

• Backends for web or mobile apps

• Microservices

• Machine learning model APIs or data processing services

OpenID Connect (OIDC) is an authentication protocol built on top of OAuth 2.0. It allows clients (like web or mobile apps) to verify the identity of a user who logs in via an external identity provider (IdP) — such as Google, Microsoft, Apple, etc.

🔐 In Short:

OAuth 2.0 → handles authorization (access to resources)
OpenID Connect → handles authentication (who is the user?)

🧱 How Does OpenID Connect Work?

1. User clicks "Login with Google"

2. Your app redirects the user to Google’s login page

3. After successful login, Google redirects back with an ID token

4. Your app validates this JWT token

5. You now know who the user is — verified by Google

🔑 What’s Inside the ID Token?

The ID token is a JSON Web Token (JWT) containing user identity data, like:

{
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",
  "sub": "1234567890",
  "name": "John Doe",
  "email": "john@example.com",
  "iat": 1650000000,
  "exp": 1650003600
}

• iss = issuer (e.g. Google)

• sub = user ID

• email, name = user info

• iat, exp = issued at / expiration

🧩 Typical Use Cases

• “Login with Google/Microsoft/Apple”

• Single Sign-On (SSO) in organizations

• Centralized user identity (Keycloak, Auth0, Azure AD)

• OAuth APIs that require identity verification

🛠️ Core Components

RoadRunner is a high-performance PHP application server developed by Spiral Scout. It serves as a replacement for traditional PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) and offers a major performance boost by keeping your PHP application running persistently — especially useful with frameworks like Laravel or Symfony.

🚀 What Makes RoadRunner Special?

✅ Worker-Based Performance

• PHP scripts are not reloaded on every request. Instead, they run continuously in persistent worker processes (similar to Node.js or Swoole).

• This eliminates the need to re-bootstrap the framework on every request — resulting in significantly faster response times than with PHP-FPM.

✅ Built with Go

• RoadRunner is written in the programming language Go, which provides high concurrency, easy deployment, and great stability.

✅ Features

• Native HTTP server (with HTTPS, Gzip, CORS, etc.)

• PSR-7 and PSR-15 middleware support

• Supports:

  • Queues (e.g., Redis, RabbitMQ)

  • gRPC

  • WebSockets

  • Static file serving

  • Prometheus metrics

  • RPC between Go and PHP

• Hot reload support with a watch plugin

⚙️ How Does It Work?

1. RoadRunner starts PHP worker processes.

2. These workers load your full framework bootstrap once.

3. Incoming HTTP or gRPC requests are forwarded to the PHP workers.

4. The response is returned through the Go layer — fast and concurrent.

📦 Common Use Cases:

• Laravel + RoadRunner (instead of Laravel + PHP-FPM)

• High-traffic applications and APIs

• Microservices

• Real-time apps (e.g., using WebSockets)

• Low-latency, serverless-like services

📉 RoadRunner vs PHP-FPM

Storyblok is a user-friendly, headless Content Management System (CMS) that helps developers and marketing teams create, manage, and publish content quickly and efficiently. It offers a visual editing interface for real-time content design and is flexible with various frameworks and platforms. Its API-first architecture allows content to be delivered to any digital platform, making it ideal for modern web and app development.

Shopware is a modular e-commerce system from Germany that allows you to create and manage online stores. It’s designed for both small retailers and large enterprises, known for its flexibility, scalability, and modern technology.

🔹 General Information:

• Developer: Shopware AG (founded in 2000 in Germany)

• Technology: PHP, Symfony framework, API-first approach

• Current Version: Shopware 6 (since 2019)

• Open Source: Yes, with paid extensions available

• Headless Ready: Yes, supports headless commerce via APIs

🔹 Key Features:

• Product Management: Variants, tier pricing, media, SEO tools

• Sales Channels: Web shop, POS, social media, marketplaces

• Content Management: Built-in CMS ("Shopping Experiences")

• Payments & Shipping: Many integrations (e.g. PayPal, Klarna)

• Multilingual & Multi-Currency Support

• B2B & B2C capabilities

• App System & API for custom extensions

🔹 Who is Shopware for?

• Startups (free Community Edition available)

• SMEs and mid-sized businesses

• Enterprise clients with complex needs

• Very popular in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland)

🔹 Advantages:

• Made in Germany → GDPR-compliant

• Highly customizable

• Active ecosystem & community

• Scalable for growing businesses

Redux is a state management library for JavaScript applications, often used with React. It helps manage the global state of an application in a centralized way, ensuring data remains consistent and predictable.

Core Concepts of Redux

1. Store

   • Holds the entire application state.

   • There is only one store per application.

2. Actions

   • Represent events that trigger state changes.

   • Are simple JavaScript objects with a type property and optional data (payload).

3. Reducers

   • Functions that calculate the new state based on an action.

   • They are pure functions, meaning they have no side effects.

4. Dispatch

   • A method used to send actions to the store.

5. Selectors

   • Functions that extract specific values from the state.

Why Use Redux?

• Simplifies state management in large applications.

• Prevents prop drilling in React components.

• Makes state predictable by enforcing structured updates.

• Enables debugging with tools like Redux DevTools.

Alternatives to Redux

If Redux feels too complex, here are some alternatives:

• React Context API – suitable for smaller apps

• Zustand – a lightweight state management library

• Recoil – developed by Facebook, flexible for React

Salesforce Apex is an object-oriented programming language specifically designed for the Salesforce platform. It is similar to Java and is primarily used to implement custom business logic, automation, and integrations within Salesforce.

Key Features of Apex:

• Cloud-based: Runs exclusively on Salesforce servers.

• Java-like Syntax: If you know Java, you can learn Apex quickly.

• Tightly Integrated with Salesforce Database (SOQL & SOSL): Enables direct data queries and manipulations.

• Event-driven: Often executed through Salesforce triggers (e.g., record changes).

• Governor Limits: Salesforce imposes limits (e.g., maximum SOQL queries per transaction) to maintain platform performance.

Uses of Apex:

• Triggers: Automate actions when records change.

• Batch Processing: Handle large data sets in background jobs.

• Web Services & API Integrations: Communicate with external systems.

• Custom Controllers for Visualforce & Lightning: Control user interfaces.

Memcached is a distributed in-memory caching system commonly used to speed up web applications. It temporarily stores frequently requested data in RAM to avoid expensive database queries or API calls.

Key Features of Memcached:

• Key-Value Store: Data is stored as key-value pairs.

• In-Memory: Runs entirely in RAM, making it extremely fast.

• Distributed: Supports multiple servers (clusters) to distribute load.

• Simple API: Provides basic operations like set, get, and delete.

• Eviction Policy: Uses LRU (Least Recently Used) to remove old data when memory is full.

Common Use Cases:

• Caching Database Queries: Reduces load on databases like MySQL or PostgreSQL.

• Session Management: Stores user sessions in scalable web applications.

• Temporary Data Storage: Useful for API rate limiting or short-lived data caching.

Memcached vs. Redis:

• Memcached: Faster for simple key-value caching, scales well horizontally.

• Redis: Offers more features like persistence, lists, hashes, sets, and pub/sub messaging.

Installation & Usage (Example for Linux):

sudo apt update && sudo apt install memcached
sudo systemctl start memcached

It can be used with PHP or Python via appropriate libraries.

TortoiseGit is a graphical user interface (GUI) for Git, specifically designed for Windows. It is an extension for Windows Explorer, allowing users to manage Git repositories directly via the context menu.

Key Features of TortoiseGit:

✅ Windows Explorer Integration → No separate tool needed; everything is accessible via the right-click menu
✅ User-Friendly → Ideal for those unfamiliar with the Git command line
✅ Visual Support → Changes, diffs, logs, and branches are displayed graphically
✅ Push, Pull, Commit & Merge → Perform standard Git operations via the interface
✅ Support for Multiple Repositories → Manage multiple projects simultaneously

Who is TortoiseGit for?

• Windows users who work with Git but prefer a graphical interface over the command line
• Web & software developers looking for an easy way to manage Git
• Teams using Git that benefit from visual support

Requirement:

TortoiseGit requires a Git installation (e.g., Git for Windows) to function.

➡ Download & More Info: https://tortoisegit.org/

The Fetch API is a modern JavaScript interface for retrieving resources over the network, such as making HTTP requests to an API or loading data from a server. It largely replaces the older XMLHttpRequest method and provides a simpler, more flexible, and more powerful way to handle network requests.

Basic Functionality

• The Fetch API is based on Promises, making asynchronous operations easier.
• It allows fetching data in various formats like JSON, text, or Blob.
• By default, Fetch uses the GET method but also supports POST, PUT, DELETE, and other HTTP methods.

Simple Example

fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1')
  .then(response => response.json()) // Convert response to JSON
  .then(data => console.log(data)) // Log the data
  .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error)); // Handle errors

Making a POST Request

fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts', {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  },
  body: JSON.stringify({ title: 'New Post', body: 'Post content', userId: 1 })
})
  .then(response => response.json())
  .then(data => console.log(data))
  .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));

Advantages of the Fetch API

✅ Simpler syntax compared to XMLHttpRequest
✅ Supports async/await for better readability
✅ Flexible request and response handling
✅ Better error management using Promises

The Fetch API is now supported in all modern browsers and is an essential technique for web development.